Separation of volatile products from solid carbonaceous material.



W. W. WHIPM SEPARATIGN 0F VOLAi'lLE PRDUGTS FROM 30H0 CARBONACEUS MATERIAL.

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- treuren ,tirarse "WALTER WELLKAM lTHITe SSXEPRATEUN D?? 'VLATLE PEUCTS FRM SLIID CARlBQIlTACEOUS IiJhEEiEtl-L.

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To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that L WALTER WILLIAM llnrrn, a subjeetnt the King oit Great Britain, `residing at 1.25, High l-lolbcrn, in the county of London, England, have invented certain new and useful improvements in 4or Relating to the Separation of Volatile temperatures are 'Withdrawn immediately from the heated material/'into a separate 4vapor chamber, enabling the oils and-other y condensable substances to be gradually den', posited inthe said chamber Without the necessity of cooling the vapors to a, low teintperature.

' According to this invention the vapors i.

produced from the heated earbonaceous ma terial at 'higher temperatures and With-- drawn into the aforesaid, separate vapor chamber are led in succession through the lower temperature vapors in suchla manner as continuously to deposit their condensable ingredients in the said chamber by the action o the successively cooler vapors. Each body `o vapor drawn od at the lower retort temperature thus forms a curtain of cooler vapor for the portion or portions given c' by the material at a higher temperature 'or temperatures and the complete operation proceeds continuously, the material in the retort tra.velingconstantly from a cold inlet through increasingly heated sones, while the separated vaporshave a reverse lloiv, those produced at the hotter Zonestraveling;` continuously through progressively cooler zones to an outlet at the cold end of the vapor chamber where ythe uncondensedgeses and vapors escape, While the condensed liquids deposit in the vapor chamber and are drawn o' at any convenient..pointer points at Hori near the cool end.. p

In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into eilect the same will new be described more fully With reference to the accompanying drawings, in Whichz Figure It is a llongitudinal sectioinjwith speeincation of Lettere Patent.

of the gases is steadily reiterates reu se, reis,

Application tiled. September' 1, 1916.. Serial No. 1113,0641..

parts in side elevation, et a retort apparatus i and. furnace embodying this invention;

Fig. 2 is part end elevation and part cross section and Fig. 3 a plan of a porticn of the complete installation, including two pairs of retort tubes.

A, A. are horizontal or nearly horizontal retort tubes receiving the carbonaceous ina- 'terial7 which is carried along the tubes by screw conveycrs B. Ct is the furnace in which the lretorts are heated by means of the gas jet D placed; at or near the discharge end. E, E are the vapor condensing tubes orfr-eceivers placed aboveund between each 'pair of retort tubesa with 'which they corninunicate ati different points along their length by means. of the connecting pipes e, e', c2, e3, etfthe tubes il .having at ntheir coel yend the/gas and oil outlets et and e". The saidl tubes are horizontal or practically so, but may have a. very slight tilt toward. their outlet end to facilitate the iow et thecondensed oils.

The carbonaceousmaterial to be distilled fed to the retort tubes through the hop pers Fsleach hopper having a rotary feeding valve ,t operated by chain gearing fi from the shaft Z) olf the screw conveyer, which ,shaft is rotated intermittently by the by draulic ram or motor G acting through an. arm g and pawl g on a ratchet Wheel t on the' said shaft. .et the cuire discharge outlet lH (Fig. l) a rotary discharge valve fr. driven. by the chain it from. the dien charge end ot' the conreyer shaft i5, so the inlet and discharge operations proceed steadily under the saine control.

The' retort tube is heated at a progressive ten'iperature from the inlet end to a peint situated beyond the tast connecting pipe et leadingto the ycondensinpg tube lil. it found that this progressive heatingcan be eitected bythe single jet D supplied ivith gas (which may be that produced in thenp-I paratus itself) and preferably with hotrair heated by the Vaste heat from the furnace. ,The hot gases from the furnace chamber c containing the jet D pass up through the peritorated;V irebriclr tiger e, thence inte the space c2 (F 2) surreuridingthe retort tube andi after lloi'ving along the retort tube toward the inist end, escape through the liuc o3 inte the main flue ct. es the 'temperature :falling toward the flue o3 the tube A is only moderately heated,

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near the inlet end, the temperature progres-A The coal'or other carhoneceous material is fed at. regular intervals into the inlet end of the retort 'tubevrom the hopper F, the :feeding valve' f preventing gases from the ret'rt' escaping through the hopper. The screw conveyor B, driven by small regular intermittent movements, takes the materiel from thevinlet and gradually through all the zonesof increasingtemperature, the volhtile' constituents being progressively driven oli until the remaining solid materiel discharged at H contains only a small proportion of the volatile ingredients, the pro* portion depending upon the maximum temn pereture attained-say about GOOO (1w-and the rate lat 'Which the materiel is passed 'through the retort. Asthe' material passes through the 'low temperature zone ot the retort, Waiter' and any very volatile ingrediente which may be present are drown oli', escaping into the condensing tube or churnherE from' the retort tubes A at sich side through the lirst of the connecting pipes e to e4. As the material travels into hotter zones, voletileingredients having higher temperatures ofvapori'zation are driven oii and are promptly removed, close to their place of origin, hy the adjacent pipes e to e into the relatively cool chamber E.

The vapors therefore remain only for e very short time in the hot retort tuoe and arev removed before any appreciable cracking can take place. Five pipes e to e4e lare shown for each retort tube A., but a greaternurnber may he employed, or the retort ani condensing tubes rhay he otherwise placed in practically continuous communication along their length so that the vapors are Withdrawn from the retort tubes very close to the place of origin.

lt will he seen thatv as the vapors are drawn through the 'condensing tube or collector lll toward the gas outlet e, the vapors given oil at higher temperatures must pass through the progressively cooler vapors generated in the cooler` zones of the retort. Thus the liqueiiable 4ingredients or .oils ore lJn-adnally to condense and to fall to the hott-om of the tube E, Where they collect and 'door toward theoil outlet e from 'pore therefore not as the condensing agent furthe lioueliehleingredients in the vapors Lemme driven oil? in the hotter zones und the Whole process of distillation and condensation proceeds in a steady, continuous manner with the maximum economy of heet'.

What. I claim and desire to secure hyLetters Patent of the United States isrl. The process for separating condcneahle volatile products from solid carhonuceous 'tion taking place out ot contect with the vsaid solid materiel.

2. The process for separating condensehle volatile Aproducts from solid cerhonaeeous materiel distilled in e retortheatcd to a graduated temperature, ivhich consists in movingl `the solid material through. zones of increasing temperature, withdrawing from contact with the solid materiel the distilled vapors erising et diterent temperatures, leading the separated report; in a direction opposite to that ci the movement of the solid 'materiel so that the separated vapors produced at higher temperatures 'pass through and are condenscdhy the separated vapors produced at levier temperatures, end removing the liqueled voletile matter from the uncondensed vapor# the condensation taking place out of coul-:ict with the said Solid materiel. y

3. The process for f. volatile products material distille?. graduated temp u' ,vh moving thesolid materiel through sones of increasing' tcmperatiilre, sepuratelvf with* drawing from Contact With the solid material the distilled `vapors arising at e succession of stages in the travel of the 'said material, leading the separated vapors in e direction opposite to that of the movement of the solid material so that the seperated vapors produced at higher temperatures pass vthrough and are condensed by the separated vapors produced etlower temperatures. and removing the liquoed volatile matter lfrom the uncondenseu vapors the condensation taking place out of contact with the said solidI'neteuiell ft. ln In pointus for sepureting 'volatile products trom solid. carhoneceous material, a retort, ineens for heating the retort to a g condensehle carhonuceons v graduated temperature, means for conveying the solid material through the retort, e which they ure Withdrawn. The cooler vavapor collecting r and condensing chamber communicating with rthe said retort at stages along the length of the latter, an outlet for orty heated to e' prevent Contact ot' the separated vapors and r their condensates with the said solid ma terial.

5. In apparatus for separating "volatile products from solid carbonaceous material., a retort, means for heating the retort to a graduated temperature, means for conveying the solid material through the retort, a vapor collecting and condensing chamber,

pipes connectingthe said chamber to the retort at successive points along the length of the said chamber and retort, an outlet for the uncondensed vapor situated toward the end ot' the` said vapor chamber which is adjacent to the inlet end of the retort and an outlet for the liquefied volatile matter, the vapor chamber, pipes and outlets being adapted to prevent contact of the separated vapors and their eondensates with the said solid material.

G. In apparatus for separating volatile products from solid carbrmaceous material, a substantially horizontal retort tube, a conveyer in the said tube, means for heating the retort to a graduated temperature, a

parallel vapor tube, pipes connectingl the said vapor and retort tubes at successive stages along their length, an outlet in the vapor tube for uncondensed vapor, situated. at the end adjacent to the inletol the retort tube, and an outlet in the vapor tube :tor the liquelied volatile mattei', the vapor chamber, pipes and outlets being adapted to prevent contact of the separated vapors and their condensates with the said solid material.

7. The process of separating condensable volatile products from solid carbonaceous material, which consists in fraetionally distilling condensable volatile products of said material, and subjecting the less volatile and hotter vapors to the cooling inuence of the more volatile and cooler vapors, While out ol contact with the solid residue and until condensation takes place.

8. An apparatus for separating Avolatile products from solid carbonaceous material, including a retort l'or fractionally distilling said volatile products, a condensing chamber for receiving said vapors, an outlet for said condensing chamber to receive the com densates, said condensingchamber being of such shape and capacity as to cause the less volatile and hotter vapors to be cooled by the more volatile and cooler vapors.

WALTER WILLIAM lVHlTE. 

